Dziewiętnastowieczny ateizm filozoficzny .......... 211

NINETEENTH-CENTURY PHILOSOPHICAL ATHEISM

The nineteenth-century philosophy formed a new type of criticism of religion departing from the existential situation of a subject. The paper presents the sources and the most emblematic threads of that reflection, and focuses on its being rooted in the Hegelian tradition, both Western and Russian. Consecutive chapters are devoted to the elaboration of the atheistic potential within the thought of Hegel himself, the so-called alienational criticism of religion, the Russian atheism portrayed against the backdrop of Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s works, and the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. Particular attention is paid to the key-concepts typical for the nineteenth-century atheism: alienation, suffering, and action.