Przeciw kulturze. Spory z kulturą i o kulturę w myśli rosyjskiej XIX wieku .......... 293

AGAINST CULTURE. DISPUTES WITH CULTURE AND OVER CULTURE IN RUSSIAN THOUGHT OF THE 19TH CENTURY

The article aims to outline the development of a critical philosophy of culture in Russia from the 1820s to the 1890s. It has been argued that the debate over culture reveals the fundamental dispute over the identity and the future of Russia reflected in historiosophical, political and social contexts. The text addresses in detail such ideas and concepts as: romantic criticism of modernity and the dispute over Europeanness (Slavophiles and Westernisers), culture and social criticism (philosophical left in Russia), traditionalism and acculturation (conservatism), emancipation and criticism of culture (nihilism and nihilists).