Amerykańscy menedżerowie Modrzejewskiej. Ustalenia wstępne .......... 47

AMERICAN MANAGERS OF MODJESKA: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS

Helena Modjeska emigrated to the United States at a time when the concept of the theatrical manager was being redefined and a modern, monopolized, commercial theatre system was taking shape. Her American career coincided with a period of flourishing, followed—after twenty years—by the decline of the era of combination companies, whose popularity stemmed from the recognizability of the leading actor. Drawing upon relevant literature, this article re-evaluates the theatrical managers who collaborated with Modjeska, as well as determines the number of her American tours.