O zespoleniu dzielnic Rzeczypospolitej jako autorski pomysł Michała Bobrzyńskiego na ustrój Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej u progu odzyskania niepodległości ………. 63

As one of the leading figures of the renowned Krakow Conservatives, Professor Michał Bobrzyński significantly influenced the development of Polish historical studies and the study of the Polish political system and state. On the eve of the Republic of Poland’s rebirth aft er the partition period, he presented his original idea in his work On the Unification of the Districts of the Republic. An integral part of this idea was the Survey on the Constitution for the Republic of Poland, which served as a prelude to further work on shaping the emerging system of the future Polish state. This project contained proposals for key relations between the supreme authorities of the new state. On the one hand, these were based on proven and eff ective state governance institutions, such as a president as head of state and a council of ministers as a  collegial executive body. This created a two-headed executive. The project also included innovative elements resembling the American presidential system, primarily due to the Republic of Poland’s geo political situation and the need for strong leadership, particularly during the initial period of establishing statehood. As for the legislature, two parliamentary chambers were to be established, creating centres of legislative power in Poland. The following work will focus on analysing Professor Bobrzyński’s idea and attempting to define the direction in which this project was heading in terms of the political system. It should be emphasised that the survey itself does not provide a clear answer to this question; therefore, it will be difficult to determine precisely what kind of system it could have been. However, to reach a complete conclusion, it is necessary to discuss the individual elements of Michał Bobrzyński’s idea comprehensively, which is the second basic assumption of this work.