Dialektyka przemocy w historiozofii G.W.F. Hegla .......... 263

DIALECTICS OF VIOLENCE IN THE HISTORIOSOPHY OF G.W.F. HEGEL

The article concisely presents the main assumptions of Hegel’s social philosophy and objective idealism, with particular emphasis on the dialectics of creating and demolishing, building and destruction, the state as the realization of freedom and the role of the element of violence in history. All these issues are nuanced by Hegel, and thus exposed to naive, simplifying reading. The thinker is not simply talking about the apology of struggle and violence as a driving force of history, but about the indication that the intelligibility of the historical process requires the spontaneity: thoughts, deeds, courage to struggle with what is rigid, frozen in a fixed form, archaic, incompatible with new ideas and projects. A sophisticated, deep message emerges from Hegel’s rich heritage. The truth does not belong to one philosophical position which contradicts others, but is the sum of the shots and philosophies that have appeared in the course of history. A just state guarantees maximum development of personal freedom. A mature civilization is the one in which reason and public ethics prevail. This, however, has its price.