Prasa podziemna jako obywatelskie odrodzenie. Od słowa Risorgimento do głosu Solidarności .......... 89

THE UNDERGROUND PRESS AS A CIVIC RESURGENCE: FROM THE WORD OF THE RISORGIMENTO TO THE VOICE OF SOLIDARNOŚĆ

The essay examines the clandestine press as a form of civic regeneration, linking the Italian Risorgimento and the Polish “Solidarność” through the shared experience of the printed word as an act of resistance and moral renewal. In both historical contexts, underground publications defended freedom of expression under repression, turning the circulation of ideas into a practice of civic participation and ethical awareness. Thus, this form of oppositional press emerges as a moral and civic force, embodying the moral and civic conscience of a free society under constraint and reaffirming the role of the written word as a form of collective will to endure.