Pojmowanie suwerenności państwowej w Polsce odrodzonej .......... 101
Streszczenie
UNDERSTANDING STATE SOVEREIGNTY IN REBORN POLAND
Sovereignty is one of the fundamental concepts of political philosophy and the theory of the state and law. However, the term appeared relatively late, emerging only in the 13th century. In the era of Thomas Hobbes, Jean Bodin, and Hugo Grotius, this topic gained a central place in European thought and, of course, in diplomacy. The Enlightenment–with its emphasis on rationalism–represented the peak of the classical understanding of sovereignty. However, with the crisis of absolutism, the question arose: where does the locus of sovereignty reside: the king or the political nation (the citizens)? This led to a shift of the subject of sovereignty from the monarch (as the head of state and the highest office) to the political nation as a collective, in whose will authority is exercised, regardless of whether the state is a constitutional monarchy or a republic. During the interwar period, the reborn Poland entered the international arena operating whitin a conceptual framework that defined environment that understood sovereignty territorially, seeing it as the effective and exclusive authority of the state over the territory it occupies.
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