Od jednolitego rynku do cyberobrony. Ewolucja polityk cyberbezpieczeństwa UE w latach 1993-2016 .......... 27

The European Union (EU) is currently one of the most active stakeholderst of the global debate on cybersecurity standards and regulations. To understand the source of that this article is analyzing the evolution of the EU stance towards the security of information and communication technologies between 1993 and 2016. The initial focus on the economic security paradigm (single market) has been extended successively with elements of social and civil security (judiciary and internal security systems), to national security and international relations (cyber defense, cyber diplomacy). The key document setting the directions of the EU actions in that area has been the EU cyber security strategy: An open, safe and secure cyberspace from 2013. The most impactful European law from that period has been Directive on security of network and information systems passed in 2016 (NIS Directive).