Dyplomacja bez uznania. Relacje abchasko-tureckie po rozpadzie Związku Radzieckiego (1992-2025) .......... 223

DIPLOMACY WITHOUT RECOGNITION: ABKHAZ-TURKISH RELATIONS AFTER THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION (1992-2025)

In this article, the author analyses Abkhazia’s (proto-)diplomatic relations with Turkey, indicated as one of the core priorities of Abkhaz diplomacy in the 2020 „Concept of Foreign Policy of the Republic of Abkhazia.” The study examines Abkhazia’s efforts to strengthen its ties with the Abkhaz diaspora in Turkey. A support of this diaspora is crucial for the success of Abkhazia’s foreign policy toward Turkey as it serves as a bridge between the Abkhaz authorities and the cirlces of Turkish business and politics. The greatest advances in bilateral Abkhaz–Turkish cooperation have been achieved at the local government level and in the field of education. Over the years, Abkhazians have also managed to establish contacts with some Turkish political parties. Furthermore, Turkey remains an important trading partner for Abkhazia, second only to Russia. Under current conditions, the prospect of Turkey recognizing Abkhaz independence appears illusory. Nevertheless, Sukhumi will continue to undertake further measures aimed at setting the stage for the future formalization and elevation of relations with Turkey, should the international environment change. This article is based on secondary source analysis, the historical and the institutionallegal methods.