Polityka makroekonomiczna współczesnego Kazachstanu .......... 339

MACROECONOMIC POLICY OF CONTEMPORARY KAZAKHSTAN

The chapter analyzes the macroeconomic policy of Kazakhstan during the presidency of Kassym-Jomart Tokayev (2019-2024) as a response to the socio-economic challenges shaped during the rule of Nursultan Nazarbayev. The author outlines the main directions of economic reform, focusing on the diversification of the economy, the reduction of dependence on the extractive sector, the strengthening of the private sector, and the enhancement of income redistribution. Particular attention is given to the evolving relationship between the state, the private sector, and society, as well as to the pivotal role of the oil and gas sector as the primary source of funding for the reform agenda. The analysis is based on government documents, presidential speeches, and statistical data, illustrating the transformation of Kazakhstan’s economic model toward greater inclusiveness, competitiveness, and macroeconomic stability.