Habsburgowie wobec ortodoksji w kontekście duchowo-kulturalnym Kościoła unickiego w XVIII i XIX wieku .......... 141

HABSBURGS AGAINST ORTHODOXY IN THE SPIRITUAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXTOF THE UNIATE CHURCH IN THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES

The Habsburgs supported the policy of strengthening the union, developing spiritual education on the background. With the first partition of Poland in 1772, as a result of which Galicia is attached to the Austrian Empire. The process of reorientation in Uniate Lvov and Przemyśl dioceses from the Greek-Byzantine tradition to West Latin in the folkloric national-Ukrainian current is proceeding. The reforms of the Emperor Joseph II (1780–1790) consisted in ruthless subordination of state power to virtually all areas of religious life. After the cassation of the maniamist emperor in 1786 entire Galician Russia was in the hands of the Uniates. Intellectual education of the clergy in accordance with the Josephine policy aimed to include it in the struc-ture of the state mechanism. In 1818, a law was passed permitting, without Rome’s approval, conversion to the Latin rite. For fear of conversion of the Uniates to Orthodoxy, Emperor Franz Joseph I supported Latin aspirations and stated clearly:„I would be happy if entire Galicia became Roman Catholic”. The Vatican and the Viennese government saw that the clergymen were inclined to accept the influence of St. Petersburg and Orthodoxy, and? supported by? the nationalistic Ukrainian aspirations. French rationalism and Austrian Josephinism strived to form a state church in the Austrian Empire. These trends became some kind of a reference to the Church, as well as to norms between the state and the Church. The spiritual wealth of the Orthodox Church, reaching to the very sources of Christianity, were rejected.