Rosyjskie i radzieckie tradycje udziału przedstawicieli środowiska akademickiego w polityce: Władimir Wiernadski, Andriej Sacharow i inni .......... 81

RUSSIAN AND SOVIET TRADITIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY’S PARTICIPATION IN POLITICS: VLADIMIR VERNADSKY, ANDREI SAKHAROV AND OTHERS

The article is devoted to some aspects of pre-revolutionary Russian, Soviet and post-Soviet experience of the participation of representatives of the academic community in politics. Particular attention will be paid to such activity on the part of the academician and assistant to the Ministry of Education of the last provisional government in October 1917, Vladimir Vernadsky, and to a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, a triple Hero of Socialist Labour, a human rights activist and a people’s deputy of the Soviet Union in 1989, Andrei Sakharov. Furthermore, the article presents the experience of the „round table of December 12” that met in December 2011 in the wake of growing opposition in Russia, with the participation of two members of the Russian Academy of Sciences and four scholars with higher doctorates.